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National Veterinary Services (NVS)

Treatment of Mild Toxins

What is a toxin?

A poison/harmful substance produced by some higher plants, certain animals, and pathogenic bacteria that is highly toxic for other living organisms.

Digestive Tract:

A toxin is a substance which irritates the digestive tract  and may cause further gastrointestinal complications.

Type of Toxins:

Microorganisms

Exert their effect and cause disease and infection through a toxin release e.g. diphtheria toxin

Chemical Toxins

Heavy metals such as lead and mercury

Organic Compounds/Medication

Antidepressants, warfarin, phenytoin
  • Diarrhoea
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Blood poisoning

Diosmectite - Cation exchange capacity

The cation exchange capacity allows the mineral to bind not only inorganic cations such as caesium but also organic cations, and even bio-organic particles such as rheo-viruses (Lipson & Stotzky, 1983)  and proteins (Potter & Stollerman, 1961).

Exchangeable Cations
Probiotic Paste Toxins

C. Difficile causing antibiotic induced diarrhoea through toxin

Comparison Kaolinite and Diosmectite

Diosmectite has superior binding capacity than Kaolin due to layer structure with weak Van Der Waals forces and cation exchange characteristics

Comparison Kaolinite and Diosmectite (2)

Diosmectite – Enteroadsorbent for Toxin Binding

  • Bentonite rock – blend of phyllosilicates. EU Reg for Feed Additives must be ≥ 70% Montmorillonite (Smectite)

  • vSmectite unit layer = octahedral alumina sheet between two tetrahedral silica sheets (2:1)

  • Several layers in a crystal of Montmorillonite

Classification of Silicates

Diosmectite – drivers for inclusion in formulation

Binds

1 nm thick layers of alumina silicate sheets.

Powerful cation exchange potential. 

High adsorption of toxins, viruses, bacteria and water.

Capacity to swell to 4nm.

Protects

Integrates into the mucus layer.

Has a direct effect on the physical properties of the mucus. 

Has been proven to repair mucosal integrity.

Reduces

Diosmectite modulates the inflammatory response in the mucosa by Interfering with the chemical messaging system of the enterocyte.

Poisoning

Diosmectite falls under a class of molecules known as enteroadsorbents

Can be used in acute poisoning where a pet has swallowed toxins including heavy metals, chocolates and other foods, plants, inedible objects and pharmaceuticals

As effective a toxin binder as charcoal

Directions for use: Administer 15 ml immediately

0.5g Diosmectite Binding capacity

Diosmectite Binding Capacity (1)

Muller et al.